LEARNING ACTIVITY 2: POSTER AND BANNER Source: http://google.com
97 A. INTRODUCTION 1. Short Description Welcome to the Learning Activity 2 of Module 1 “English for Public Information”. This part will provide materials about poster and banner to enhance your knowledge about what poster and banner are, their structure and language features, as well as how to create a good and effective poster and banner. Below is a short description about what poster is and what banner is. Poster is one of the communication media that is used to convey a message or an information. The message contained in a poster should be written briefly and clearly in order to establish communication between the creator and readers of poster. A banner is a typically rectangular advertisem*nt placed on a Web site either above, below or on the sides of the Web site's main content and is linked to the advertiser's own Web site. In the early days of the Internet, banners were ads with text and graphic images. 2. Relevance Do you know the differences between poster and banner? Can you easily find the sample of poster or banner in your neighborhood? How do you see those? Are they interesting and eye-catching or boring for you? Can you grab the information from those posters and banners easily? Have you ever tried to make one of those? If you have no experience of making posters and banners, so this course will help you much to deepen your comprehension about posters and banners as well as to dig your creativity in creating an interesting and eye-catching poster and banner. So, let's start and check it out! 3. Learning Guide There are three specific activities to help you achieve the goals of learning this module namely pre-activity, main-activity, and post-activity.
a. Pre-activity: building background knowledge about poster and banner Building background knowledge. Since background knowledge greatly influences comprehension, it is important to have specific concepts of short functional texts. You can provide yourself with factual information such as the information from an encyclopedia or a list of key words from the story and check yourself what you know about the information. b. Main Activity: Many activities encourage understanding and enjoyment while you are comprehending the materials about poster and banner. x Post-it Note: You can write notes while learning x Identify the difference between poster and banner x Determine the messages contained in poster and banner x Find factual information from a variety of poster and banner c. Post-Activity: Questioning, Discussion, Creating, and Presenting. x Questioning: Questioning activities encourage you to think about and respond to the information and ideas about poster and banner. x Discussion: Discussion is exchanging ideas out loud. The intent is to freely explore ideas, to learn something new or gain a different perspective by pooling the information or insights that more than one person can give. x Creating: Making your own poster and banner. x Presenting your created poster and banner
99 B. MAIN SECTION 1. Learning Outcomes In Learning Activity 2 you will learn the following competencies: a. Attitude To uphold and apply religious values, moral values, ethical values, personal and social values (honesty, discipline, accountability, independence), care and respect for differences and diversity, tolerance, peace, collaboration, and nationalism. b. Knowledge To analyze the social functions, text structures, and lexico-grammatical features of report texts in regard to the contexts of situation. c. Skill After learning this chapter, you are expected to be able to: x comprehend a series of poster and banner meaningfully. x compare the social functions of poster and banner regarding the context of situation, the target readers, the points of interests or importance. x compare the difference between the structure of poster and banner x compare the language features of poster and banner. x Create a good and effective poster and banner. 2. Learning Material and Learning Activities a. Definition of Poster and Banner x What is Poster? Do you know what poster is? Can you define posters? How is a poster constructed? How is a poster designed or written for? You are going to watch some short videos (video 1 and 2). The videos will give you a description about what poster is, and the videos will help you to understand the definition, structure, and the functions of
a poster. Watch the two videos about poster attentively then answer the questions in Activity 1 to help you understand the definition of travel itinerary. Video 1. “Agriculture New Year Poster” Source:https://www.4shared.com/postDownload Video 2. “Baseball Game Snack” Source: https://www.4shared.com/postDownload
101 Task 1 The videos above (video 1 and video 2) provide the examples of poster. After you watch the videos, answer the following questions about poster. 1. What information was depicted in the two videos? 2. What were the things described in the two posters? 3. Do the two videos provide the information about the time? 4. In your opinion, what were the aims of the posters described in the two videos? 5. When you read the posters, could you find any important information about the subjects contained in the posters? 6. After you answered the questions above, could you define what poster is? The following pictures are the examples of poster which will help you to understand poster deeper. Read and comprehend the pictures and answer the questions that follow the pictures in order to give you a deeper comprehension about the definition of poster.
Picture 1:Tropical Dreams Poster
103 Picture 2:Mindfulness Poster
Task 2 The three pictures (Picture 1, 2, 3) are the examples of poster. Respond to the following questions related to those examples of poster. 1. What information is included in the three posters above? 2. Do you think the posters above are interesting? Why/why not? 3. What is the difference between Picture 1, Picture 2, and Picture 3 related to the aim and information of the posters? 4. After answering the questions above, what do you think a poster is? Picture 3:Sale Poster
105 Task 3 Now, responding to the following questions related to Video 1, Video 2, Picture 1, Picture 2, and Picture 3. 1. What similar elements did you find in all of the posters above? 2. What elements did you only find in certain posters? 3. Then, what can you conclude about a poster? x What is Banner? What do you know about banner? How will you define a banner? How is it designed? How does a banner function? This part of module will give you a brief description about banner (definition, structure, function of banner) by showing you the samples of banner through the following videos. Let’s see and check whether you have a good comprehension about banner or not. Then, you should answer the questions in the activity that follow the videos. Check them out! Video 3. “Premier League Banner”
Video 4. “Stand Banner” Task 4 The videos above show you the examples of banner. After watching those videos, please respond the following questions. 1. What information was depicted in the two videos? 2. What were the things described in the two videos? 3. Do the two videos provide similar form of banner? 4. In your opinion, what were the aims of the banner described in the two videos? 5. When you read those banners, could you find any important information about the subjects contained in the banner? 6. After you answered the questions above, could you define what banner is? The following pictures are the examples of banner which will help you to understand banner deeper. Read and comprehend the pictures and answer the questions that follow the pictures in order to give you a deeper comprehension about the definition of banner.
107 Picture 4. Stand banner Picture 5. Gym Membership Banner Task 5 The two pictures (Picture 1, and 2) are the examples of poster. Respond to the following questions related to those examples of poster. 1. What information is included in the banners above? 2. Do you think the banners above are interesting? Why/why not?
3. What is the difference between Picture 1 and Picture 2 related to the aim and information of the posters? 4. After answering the questions above, what do you think a poster is? b. Characteristics of Poster and Banner After comprehending the definition of poster and banner in the previous activities, now you have to understand the characteristic of poster and banner. Take a look back at picture 1, picture 2, and picture 3 above and respond the following questions. 1. How is the information or message conveyed in the posters and banners above? 2. Do you think that the posters and banners above are interesting and good for you? In your opinion, what things are making those interesting? 3. What are the posters and banners usually made from? 4. To make it effective in conveying the information of posters and banner, do you think it is necessary to make the posters and banners long or short? 5. After responding to the questions 1-4, can you now describe how a poster and a banner are structured? What elements must be considered in writing the information in the poster and banner? a. Generic Structure of Poster and Banner This part of module will describe you about the difference structure between poster and banner. It will show you about the structures or parts of poster and banner. Are you ready to learn about the structure of poster and banner? Check it out! x Generic Structure of Poster Posters should vary and give creativity its space. However, there are certain basics that are very common. The following order is random and not binding. For the design of a poster the use of rasters or guides may be
109 helpful. Two, three or four columns can be used. Text and images can run over more than one column. Below are the parts or structures of a poster. Header area Not all posters require a header or heading. In general, this is the area where a logo is placed, the logo of a department for which the author is working. There can be guidelines as regards the correct placement of a logo; just inquire at your organization. Title area A title should be clearly visible (from a 5 – 10 m distance), significant, and not too long. Due to space restrictions it is often placed next to the logo, which may not be in accordance with your organization's guidelines (e.g. the University of Zurich specifies that the space to the logo's right side has to be left blank). Author's photo and address At poster fairs, where authors are not always standing next to their posters, we recommend providing a photo in order to be recognized and approached, if necessary. There should at least be an address (an e-mail address is often sufficient). Make sure to mention all authors and their affiliation (the latter can be put in the footer area). Main area The main area can be structured and sub-divided, e.g. by using several columns or an image across all columns, etc. In this area, you present the poster's main statement.
Footer area Header and footer can be seen as a kind of framework tying it all together. However, the footer is not just a graphic element; this is where you can indicate references and contact details as well. This is also the only area where the font size doesn't necessarily have to be read from a distance of 1 - 1.5 m. Background Often there are posters highlighted not only with colors but also with a structure or an image. This background should be appropriate as regards the poster's topic and not be distracting at all. If in doubt, it is always best to choose an unstructured background color. Fonts In a poster you can use serif as well as sans serif fonts. For longer texts sans serif fonts should be avoided, but since you should not use longer text blocks in a poster both types can be used. Avoid decorative fonts since they are not so legible. Use boldface for emphasis, avoid underscores or italics for a poster. If you use justification for text blocks, make sure that hyphenation is on. In order to avoid too large spaces between words better use ragged alignment. Lines typically do not contain more than 70-90 characters. Texts with longer lines should have bigger line spacing to render them more legible. Typical line spaces are 20-30% bigger than the font (i.e. for a 40 pt font you should use 48-52 pt line spacing). x Generic Structure of Banner When you want to create a banner, you must consider some components below as the structure of banner. Logo The company’s color scheme and guidelines should be referenced and apparent in the design of banner. It should link to a landing page about
111 the offer or information on the banner, so make sure it looks consistent to avoid any confusion or anxiety. Remember your logo must be included to build readers’ awareness and recognition. Make sure that it’s visually dominant, but not as dominant as the value proposition and the call to action. Also consider including your tagline or other memorable/recognizable program or product. Note: Without a logo, there is no way of knowing who the advertiser is and if they are trustworthy. Value Proposition The value proposition should be the most prominent element on the banner. It should take up the most space and be the first thing that attracts the viewers’ eyes. Use this space to showcase the benefits of your service/product, grab the visitor’s attention and instill a sense of urgency and desire. This is a great place to showcase special thing of your event or program such as offers and prices, i.e. ‘High Quality,’ ‘50% off,’ ‘Limited time offer,’ or ‘Free!’. Note: The value proposition is big, bold, and commands attention above all else. Body Copy The goal of display is to get the visitor’s attention, pique their interest, and earn their click. You don’t need to, and should NOT, put every bit of information on the banner itself. Include just enough information to get the readers interest and leave them wanting more. It may take some creative, original verbiage to convey all you need to in about 10 words. But remember a simple banner will have higher click through rates, so if the banner takes more than two seconds to read, there is too much text.
Note: A banner should provide a clear, concise description of the product or event, giving just enough information to want to learn more. Image Choose relevant images, graphics, or photos that enhance the message contained in the banner and that are directly related to your product. Avoid abstract concepts that require too much time and thought to decipher. Images should help bring a sense of visual urgency to the text by using contrasting, bold colors or a sense of clarity to a nontangible service. However, it is not always necessary to use photos or images in your banners. Text of banner with nice typography on a contrasting background can be just as effective. Use imagery well, but only when you need it. Call to Action (CTA) One of the most critical elements of a banner is the call to action or ‘the ask’, and not including a CTA will assuredly decrease click through rate. The call to action is text or a button that asks the user to ‘interact’ with the banner ad, whether it’s implied or direct. This could be as simple as adding a ‘Get the Guide,’ ‘Test it Out,’ ‘Watch Now,’ or ‘Join the Fun’ button encouraging the reader to click through to your landing page. Be as clear and specific as possible with your CTA text. You must ensure visitors know what they’re getting in exchange for the click. Note: With no call to action, you don’t know what you’re really supposed to do here. Now then identify the parts of banner as you studied before in the following samples of banner.
113 b. Social / Language Function of Poster and Banner After you learnt the materials about poster and banner above, this part will show you about the social or language function of poster and banner. x Functions of Poster There are many functions or purposes of poster. It is usually used: to alert and engage the viewer to challenge and call an audience into action. to promote an event Since posters can be stationary as well as portable, they can be used: At your place of business, to welcome customers and create that all-important symmetry. In public places that draw regular, steady crowds, such as stores, shopping malls, elevators, coffee shops, train stations, community centers and bus stops. Keep in mind that you probably will have to seek permission, or pay a fee, to hang a poster at these places. At trade shows and conventions, where some large and unconventionally sized posters could be exactly what you need to stand out in a crowd. At other businesses with whom you have created strategic alliances. These businesses may ask you to return the favor and post some of their marketing pieces. But if you've created a solid alliance, the crossover appeal should be evident. As perks to vendors and suppliers. As customer prizes at the end of a contest or competition. x Function of Banner A banner is a flag that signals something. They are connected by a pole such as signal flags on a ship which gives conditions or status of the ship. Some banners are used to advertising or naming of college or
universities. Some banners are also used as a media to promote a product, event, or service. Basically is an announcement so that everyone can see. c. Language Features of Poster and Banner In this section, you learn about the language features of poster and banner. Let’s check them out! x Language Features of Poster To create effective poster, you must consider the language features of poster below. Short Text Elements It is suggested to keep text elements to 50 words or even fewer (depends on the size of poster). Do not write too long, you can make it shorter by using some pictures or images, or even graphs. Phrases and Active voice Use phrases rather than full sentences. Try to always use active voice. In most English sentences with an action verb, the subject performs the action denoted by the verb. These examples show that the subject is doing the verb's action
115 Serif font for text and san-serif font for title and Heading (Optional) A serif is a decorative line or taper added to the beginning and/or end of a letter’s stem, which creates small horizontal and vertical planes within a word. So, in a nutshell, serif fonts have those decorative lines or tapers (also commonly referred to as “tails” or “feet”) while sans serif fonts don’t—hence the “sanes” in their title. Without tails, sansserif fonts are made up of simple, clean lines that are the same width throughout. Some of the most commonly used serif fonts include Times New Roman, Garamond, Baskerville, Georgia, and Courier New. Some of the most popular sans serif fonts on the black include Arial, Helvetica, Proxima Nova, Futura, and Calibri. You can see the difference between serif and san-serif font in the picture below. x Language Features of Banner When you want to create a banner, you must consider the language features of banner. Have you known its feature before? If not, this following explanation will help you to comprehend the features of banner. Use Simple Present Tense
Sometimes the present simple tense doesn’t seem very simple. Here we will sort it all out for you! We use the present simple tense to express the following ideas: 1. To state facts or general truths 2. To express habits or customs 3. To relate future plans (often regarding programs and timetables) 4. To tell jokes and stories or to report sporting events in real time. Examples of the Present Simple 1. The sun sets in the west. 2. We produce lasers for cosmetic surgery. 3. They move into their new home next week. 4. So, I go to Mr. D and say “I deserve a better mark in this class”. 5. Jones stops in mid-court and passes the ball to Schuster. Forming the Present Simple Subject verb rest of sentence I / You / We / They sleep late on Saturdays He / She / It goes to the beach every weekend Use simple phrases or statement The use of simple phrases or statement here is as the slogan that reflects the program or event showed in the banner. This is usually written in large font in order to grab the readers’ attention. The
117 phrases can be in the form of important information about the event or program. This sample may visualize you about the phrases in the banner. Before dealing with creating a poster and banner, you should think about what a good poster and banner should look like. Additionally, you should check which software and visual material (photos, graphs etc.) can be used. Before you start creating your poster, make sure that you know its main message, why it is important, what is new about it and how you are going to support this message. Like a cook, prepare everything you need before you start writing and drawing. A good poster and banner presents reduced information while getting to the point of what the audience should remember. It is appealing to the eye while inviting to read. What is most important can be spotted right away. It invites to ask questions while sparking a debate. A good poster and banner should say: Look at me!
In order to be read at all, a poster has to attract the observer's attention, just like an advertisem*nt. One second must be enough to get the viewer's attention, fifteen seconds to understand the main message. Its title should be readable from a distance of 5 m while presenting the shortest summary as possible, in other words, its «take-home message». This title should be special, to the point, and significant in order to attract attention. It is not always easy to find a good title. The following steps can be of help: Make a summary of the poster's content using only five sentences, for banner it usually has a statement as the slogan of company or program Condense these sentences into one sentence Select keywords and key terms Then finally combine these words to form your title Read me! There should only be a text as necessary on a poster and banner, what needs to be known but not what would be nice to know. Reading running text is generally more time consuming than listings; it is therefore advisable to make only little use of running texts. Images (photos, graphs, tables, etc.) should be self-explanatory and contain titles as well as references. Background images are an exception since their purpose is only illustrator. Ask me! Ideally, a poster delivers food for thought and sparks a debate. This can be achieved by surprises or uncommon comparisons; however, it is important to stick to the facts. Question marks, used literally or figuratively, can also stimulate a discussion.
119 Task 6 Look at the sample of pictures below! Can you identify which ones are posters and which ones are banners? Discuss them with your friend! Picture 1
Picture 2 Picture 3
121 Picture 4 Picture 5
Task 7 Make a group of five. Discuss with your friends whether those posters and banners include in good and effective ones or bad and ineffective ones. Don’t forget to mention your arguments about why and why not. Task 8 Identify the following items from the posters and banners above. Picture No Function Structure Language Features Target readers 1 To promote an event - Image - Body copy - …….. - ……. Simple phrase: family fun day Parents and kids 2 3 4 5 Task 9 You have learned all materials of poster and banner. Now, your job is trying to have the real try to produce your own poster and banner. Firstly, you have to make a group of five. Then, as a teacher, think of any event that you want to run in your school (what event, where, when, what for). Then, it is a challenge for you to produce a poster and a banner to socialize and promote the event. Make a good and effective as well as eye-catching poster and banner as the media to introduce and promote the event.
123 3. Discussion Forum After you have learnt the materials about poster and banner, it’s time to assess your comprehension. Share your knowledge and experience, and improve your comprehension towards this topic of materials either with other participants or instructor. Therefore, you should get involved in this discussion forum. Let’s start! A. CLOSING SECTION 1. Summary This infografis describes you about a brief description of poster and banner. Infografis 1. Poster and banner 2. Reflection To review your understanding about what you have studied in Chapter 2, consider the following questions: a. How can you define poster and banner? b. What are the social functions of poster and banner? c. How are poster and banner structured? d. What are the language features commonly found in poster and banner?
e. Can you design an effective poster and banner in good and eyecatching display? f. Are your created poster and banner understandable? 3. Formative Test Choose the best answer for each question (A, B, C or D). 1. Imagine that you have an event that you would run soon, when you have a logo for your event where should we put it in a poster? a. Header area c. Author b. Title area d. Main area 2. You usually find texts and pictures in the poster, how do you see the characteristic of the text in the title area of a poster should be, except…. a. Visible c. Short b. Eye-catching d. Significant 3. When you are designing a banner, the part of banner’s body copy must be written in…. a. Long statement c. Precise picture or symbol b. A statement of about 10 words d. Full-statement 4. As poster has several functions, it can be used to …… except a. To give a name of a company b. To call audience c. To promote a program or event d. To engage reader’s attention 5. Which one is the sample of value proposition? b. UMP c. Sale! c. Come and Join us! d. Let’s have fun!
125 Picture 1: Question no 6 -7 6. According to the banner above, what is it the function? a. To show a name of an agency b. To show a condition of an agency c. To promote an event held by an agency d. To promote a product or service of an agency 7. The banner contains the following items as the structure, except….. d. Logo c. CTA e. Image d. Body copy
Picture 2: Question No 8-10 8. How is the structure used in the poster? a. Header area, title area, author, main area, background, and fonts b. Header area, author, title area, main area, and fonts c. Title area, author, main area, footer, background, and fonts d. Author, main area, footer, background, and fonts 9. Based on the information written in the poster above, who is the target reader of the poster? 1. Parents and teachers c. Children 2. Police officer d. Primary school students 10. As a poster has a certain message or information, can you guess what the message containing in the poster is? a. To promote autism event
127 b. To call audience coming to event c. To inform and alert readers about autism and what they should do d. To name an event of autism 4. References Andra, Muhammad. (2015). Definition of Poster. https://brainly.co.id/tugas/4701424 Retrieved on Sept 6, 2019 at 08.40 Canva. (2019). Serif vs. San-Serif Font. https://www.canva.com/learn/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Serifvs-Sans-Serif-Comparison-image.jpg Retrieved on September 12, 2019 at 12.00 p.m Knizner, Jenny. (2013). 5 Component of effective banner Ad. https://www.marketing-mojo.com/blog/banner-ad-blueprint-5- components-of-an-effective-banner-ad/ Retrieved on September 12, 2019 at 08.30 a.m Olwa. (2011). Structure and Types of Posters. http://www.geo.uzh.ch/microsite/olwa/olwa/en/html/unit5_kap53.h tml Retrieved on September 12, 2019 at 07.00 a.m Tegar. (2011). Banner. https://app.box.com/s/d5iiu097im16h8qhzo9t Retrieved on September 13, 2019 at 10.30 a.m 3. Answer Key Activity 1 Poster: Picture 2 and 4 Banner: Picture 1, 3, and 5 Activity 2: the answer may vary
Activity 3: Picture No Function Structure Language Features Target readers 1 To promote an event - Image - Body copy - …….. - ……. Simple phrase: family fun day Parents and kids 2 To alert and engage readers joining the program of foster child - Title area - Author - Main area - Footer - Background - Fonts Short text element Active voice Serif and san-serif font Adult people 3 to promote a service or product - Logo - Body copy - Image Simple present Simple phrases All people 4 To provide information about internet - Title area - Main area - Background - Fonts Short text element Active voice Serif and san-serif font All people 5 To call the readers to vote trump Body copy Simple phrases All people who vote
129 Activity 4: The answer may vary Formative: 1. A 6. D 2. B 7. C 3. B 8. A 4. A 9. A 5. C 10. C
